The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Intellectual Intelligence in 13-15 Year Old Middle School Students at SMPN 2 Sumber Probolinggo

Trisasea Amanda Priwandani; Sri Umijati; Margarita M. Maramis

doi:10.62951/ijhm.v2i2.390

Authors

Trisasea Amanda Priwandani Universitas Airlangga
Sri Umijati Universitas Airlangga
Margarita M. Maramis Universitas Airlangga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62951/ijhm.v2i2.390

Keywords:

Children aged 13–15 years, Intellectual intelligence, Nutritional status

Abstract

Currently, Indonesia faces three major nutrition-related problems among adolescents, known as the triple burden of malnutrition, namely undernutrition (stunting and wasting), micronutrient deficiencies, and obesity. Children's cognitive development is greatly influenced by adequate nutrition, as physical and brain growth go hand in hand in the growth and development process. A balanced and high-quality diet supports optimal growth and development and influences children's nutritional status and intellectual intelligence. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and intellectual intelligence in students. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 68 students aged 13–15 years at SMPN 2 Sumber, Probolinggo Regency. Primary data were obtained through IQ tests and weight and height measurements, while secondary data were in the form of student identities. Data analysis used a two-sample t-test. The results showed that out of 42 students with poor nutritional status, 38 students (90.5%) had low IQ (<100). Among 23 students with normal nutritional status, 11 students (47.8%) had low IQ and 12 students (52.2%) had moderate IQ (100–109). The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between nutritional status and intellectual ability. In conclusion, nutritional status is associated with intellectual ability among students at SMPN 2 Sumber, Probolinggo District. Students with poor nutritional status have a higher risk of having an IQ below average.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A. A. Yuliwianti, Y. Kusmiyati, and H. P. Wahyuni, ‘Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kecerdasan Intelektual pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di SD Kanisius Pugeran Tahun 2016’, Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, 2017.

A. Bulkis, D. Darmawansyih, A. A. Azis, and R. Suryaningsih, ‘The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Intellectual Intelligence In 4th-5th Grade Students at SD N 219 Inpres Pannambungan, Maros’, ihj, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 288–305, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.58344/ihj.v3i4.587.

A. P. Veronika, T. Puspitawati, and A. Fitriani, ‘Associations between Nutrition Knowledge, Protein-Energy Intake and Nutritional Status of Adolescents’, Journal of Public Health Research, vol. 10, no. 2, p. jphr.2021.2239, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2239.

C. Ranabhat et al., ‘Determinants of Body Mass Index and Intelligence Quotient of Elementary School Children in Mountain Area of Nepal: An Explorative Study’, Children, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 3, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.3390/children3010003.

D. Chun et al., ‘The estimation of pubertal growth spurt parameters using the superimposition by translation and rotation model in Korean children and adolescents: a longitudinal cohort study’, Front. Pediatr., vol. 12, p. 1372013, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1372013.

Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, ‘Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Tahun 2018’. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 2018.

N. Fatkhiyah, U. Salamah, A. Indrastuti, and L. Nurfiati, ‘Studi Korelasi Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil’, J Keskom, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 569–575, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.25311/keskom.Vol8.Iss3.1295.

Dinas Kesehatan Probolinggo, ‘Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Probolinggo Tahun 2016’. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Probolinggo, 2016.

E. O. Malelak, B. Labre, and A. A. Huan, ‘Measurement Of Intelligence Quotients (IQ) To Increase Adolescent Self-Understanding In Kobebesa Village’, ag. abdimas. galuh. jurnal. pengabdian. kepada. masy., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 473, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.25157/ag.v4i1.7198.

H. K. Park and Y. S. Shim, ‘Distribution of Tri-Ponderal Mass Index and its Relation to Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents Aged 10 to 20 Years’, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. e826–e834, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa030.

I. C. Pratiwi, O. W. K. Handayani, and B. B. Raharjo, ‘Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Retardasi Mental Berdasarkan Status Gizi’, Public Health Perspective Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 19–25, 2017.

I. Mank et al., ‘Prevalence of Obesity and Anemia Among Early Adolescents in Junior Secondary Schools: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso’, Journal of School Health, vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 1081–1095, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1111/josh.13233.

J. H. Pfeifer and N. B. Allen, ‘Puberty Initiates Cascading Relationships Between Neurodevelopmental, Social, and Internalizing Processes Across Adolescence’, Biological Psychiatry, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 99–108, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.002.

K. Adiyani, F. Heriyani, and L. Rosida, ‘Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Di SMA PGRI 4 Banjarmasin’, Homeostasis, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2018.

Kemenko PMK, ‘Menko PMK: Perang melawan stunting, libatkan kekuatan rakyat semesta | kementerian koordinator bidang pembangunan manusia dan kebudayaan’, Kemenkopmk.go.id. Accessed: Jan. 01, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/index.php/menko-pmk-perang-melawan-stunting-libatkan-kekuatan-rakyat-semesta

Kemenko PMK, ‘Wujudkan indonesia bebas malnutrisi’, www.kemenkopmk.go.id. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/wujudkan-indonesia-bebas-malnutrisi

L. Herlina and S. Suwatno, ‘Kecerdasan Intelektual Dan Minat Belajar Sebagai Determinan Prestasi Belajar Siswa’, JP Manper, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 106, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.17509/jpm.v3i2.11771.

L. Sajawandi, ‘Pengaruh Obesitas Pada Perkembangan Siswa Sekolah Dasar Dan Penanganannya Dari Pihak Sekolah dan Keluarga’, Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2015, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.30870/jpsd.v1i2.691.

N. M. S. M. Ardi, I. W. G. A. E. Putra, and G. N. I. Pinatih, ‘Association between Nutritional Status and Intelligence Quotient of Junior High School Students in Denpasar’, PHPMA, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 29–34, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p06.

N. M. Trisnayanti, ‘Komposisi Asupan Zat Gizi dan Status Gizi Remaja di SMP Sapta Andika Denpasar’, Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Denpasar, 2019.

P. E. Spector, ‘Do Not Cross Me: Optimizing the Use of Cross-Sectional Designs’, J Bus Psychol, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 125–137, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10869-018-09613-8.

S. A. Norris et al., ‘Nutrition in adolescent growth and development’, The Lancet, vol. 399, no. 10320, pp. 172–184, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01590-7.

S. F. Hidayat, R. Pratiwi, and P. S. Wiyati, ‘Hubungan antara Status Gizi Ibu dengan Berat Lahir Bayi pada Kehamilan Remaja’, Jurnal Kespro, vol. 10, no. 1, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.22146/jkr.83433.

S. Pangow, W. Bodhi, and F. Budiarso, ‘Status Gizi pada Remaja SMP Negeri 6 Manado Mengunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Lingkar Pinggang’, Jurnal Biomedik, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 43–47, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.12.1.2020.27005.

Sumiaty and I. Hardi, ‘Pengaruh Status Gizi Dengan Tingkat Kecerdasan Pada Siswa/I Sekolah Dasar Di Kota Makassar’, Prosiding Seminar Nasional 2018 Sinergitas Multidisiplin Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, vol. 1, pp. 71–77, 2018.

T. A. Izzani, S. Octaria, and L. Linda, ‘Perkembangan Masa Remaja’, jispendiora, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 259–273, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.56910/jispendiora.v3i2.1578.

U. C. Akubuilo et al., ‘Nutritional status of primary school children: Association with intelligence quotient and academic performance’, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, vol. 40, pp. 208–213, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.019.

World Health Organization, ‘Adolescent Health’, World Health Organization. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1

Y.-Q. Zhang, J. Sun, G.-X. Wang, and T.-H. Wang, ‘Advantage of a Thermoelectric Generator with Hybridization of Segmented Materials and Irregularly Variable Cross-Section Design’, Energies, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 2944, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15082944.

Z. Mahyiddin, R. Al’Abqary, and Z. Fajri, ‘Korelasi Status Gizi Terhadap Tingkat Intelligence Quotient Pada Anak Di Min Tungkop Aceh Besar’, Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–8, 2019, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/bunayya.v5i2.6385.